What term describes conditions present at birth that are not acquired later?

• A. Congenital disorders
• B. Acquired disorders
• C. Dysarthria
• D. Disorders of Use

Answer: (A)

The term that refers to conditions present at birth and not acquired later is "congenital disorders." These disorders arise during fetal development and can affect various systems in the body, including speech and language abilities. Congenital conditions can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, leading to developmental abnormalities that individuals are born with.

In contrast, acquired disorders refer to conditions that develop after birth due to injury, illness, or other external factors. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that can arise from various causes, including neurological conditions but is not inherently present at birth unless linked to specific congenital issues. Disorders of Use typically pertain to language and communication difficulties related to social or functional use rather than structural or biological origins. Therefore, "congenital disorders" is the most accurate term to describe conditions that an individual is born with.